The current BNP government has completed six months in office after assuming power through an election. The legacy and lingering effects of 15 years of authoritarian rule remain embedded in the state structure, economy and politics. Six months is undoubtedly too short a period to judge a newly elected government comprehensively. Even while acknowledging that reality, however, a review of the laws enacted and draft legislation prepared during this short period offers a fairly clear indication of the government’s broader direction and outlook.
Which Direction Is the BNP Taking Politically?
The current BNP government has completed six months in office after assuming power through an election. The legacy and lingering effects of 15 years of authoritarian rule remain embedded in the state structure, economy and politics. Six months is undoubtedly too short a period to judge a newly elected government comprehensively. Even while acknowledging that reality, however, a review of the laws enacted and draft legislation prepared during this short period offers a fairly clear indication of the government’s broader direction and outlook.

A government cannot transform an entire state apparatus within six months. Institutional weaknesses, economic pressures and the accumulated consequences of prolonged political repression take considerably longer to address. Yet legislation can reveal something important about a government’s political philosophy.
In other words, these draft laws provide an indication of the direction in which the government is moving, how much it is learning from bitter experiences of the past, and what its attitude is toward defining the relationship between citizens and the state. That question deserves particular attention because legislation is not merely a technical instrument. It can also become a mirror of political priorities.
The Increasing Reliance on Severe Punishment
The recently passed Narcotics Control (Amendment) Bill 2026 has already generated concern. The legislation provides for the death penalty as the maximum punishment in cases involving the sale, supply or advertisement of narcotics through cyberspace or digital platforms. Direct recovery of narcotics from an accused person is reportedly not an indispensable requirement under the provision. That raises a fundamental legal question. Criminal offences vary considerably in intent, participation, evidence and severity. Treating substantially different forms of conduct under an excessively punitive framework can create disproportionality within the justice system. The more coercive authority a state possesses, the greater the importance of safeguards against misuse. A severe law does not automatically produce an effective law. Investigative competence, prosecutorial integrity, judicial independence and institutional accountability are equally important.
Concerns Over Cyber Legislation
The debate surrounding cyber legislation is even more sensitive. During the previous Awami League government, the Digital Security Act became the focus of widespread criticism and protests. It was later amended and renamed the Cyber Security Act. Following the 2024 mass uprising, that framework was repealed and replaced with a Cyber Security Ordinance. A Cyber Security Bill was subsequently passed by parliament. There are now reports of another amendment being considered. Media reports suggest that a provision imposing up to 10 years in prison for spreading rumours and misinformation could be introduced. Misinformation is undoubtedly a serious social problem. But whether harsher punishment can effectively solve it is another matter. Social media ecosystems are structurally complicated. There is a fundamental distinction between someone who deliberately manufactures false information and someone who shares it believing it to be true. If legislation fails to distinguish between those categories, citizens could face legal consequences for conduct that lacks criminal intent. That is where freedom of expression becomes central. A law intended to combat misinformation can become problematic if its provisions are sufficiently broad to encompass political criticism, dissent or legitimate public debate.
Reform Versus State Power
One of the most important political expectations surrounding the present government was reform. After years of political repression, many citizens expected state institutions to become more accountable, transparent and responsive. That makes the character of new legislation particularly significant. At first glance, narcotics regulation and misinformation appear to be unrelated issues. But if both are primarily addressed through expanded punishment, a broader pattern may emerge. Is the state addressing the underlying causes of a problem, or is it primarily increasing the severity of punishment after an offence occurs? The distinction matters. Bangladesh’s political history contains numerous examples of restrictive laws being used beyond their stated objectives, including against political opponents and critical voices.
The Draft Enforced Disappearance Prevention Law
An even more consequential example is the proposed Enforced Disappearance Prevention and Remedy Act 2026. Enforced disappearance represents one of the most painful chapters in Bangladesh’s recent political history. Allegations concerning disappearances, extrajudicial killings and possible involvement of state agencies have drawn significant domestic and international attention. On August 29, 2024, Bangladesh acceded to the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. A subsequent Enforced Disappearance Prevention and Remedy Ordinance was issued in December 2025. It provided a definition of enforced disappearance and assigned an important investigative role to the National Human Rights Commission. The institutional logic behind that arrangement was significant. If allegations involve members of law enforcement agencies, placing the entire investigative responsibility within the same institutional structure can naturally raise questions about impartiality.
Who Should Investigate?
This is arguably the most important question surrounding the new draft. Under the earlier framework, assigning investigative responsibility to the National Human Rights Commission created an institutional layer of independence. If that responsibility is transferred back to the police or other law enforcement bodies operating under the criminal procedure framework, the question of independent investigation becomes considerably more complicated. The question of who should investigate enforced disappearances or extrajudicial killings is fundamental. Under conventional law, such investigations fall within the responsibility of law enforcement agencies. But when agencies themselves have faced systematic allegations of involvement in disappearances or killings, how can they independently investigate alleged offences committed by their own colleagues? That is precisely why assigning investigative responsibility to the Human Rights Commission was so important.
The issue is therefore much larger than administrative jurisdiction. It concerns the architecture of accountability. A state seeking to investigate serious human rights violations committed in the past must ensure that investigators are protected as much as possible from political and institutional influence.
The Independence of the Human Rights Commission
The future role of the National Human Rights Commission is therefore another important issue. The 2025 framework attempted to establish a more balanced structure for the commission’s formation and the appointment of commissioners. If a new legal framework weakens that arrangement, the commission could risk becoming largely symbolic. An effective human rights institution is not simply a complaints office. It can function as an institutional check on the exercise of state power. If reform genuinely means making the state more accountable to citizens, strengthening such institutions should be central to that project.
So, Which Way Is the BNP Heading?
It is too early to provide a definitive verdict. The government has been in office for only six months. It faces an enormous agenda involving economic recovery, administrative reform, judicial institutions, electoral mechanisms and reconstruction of public institutions. Yet the legislative trajectory offers grounds for scrutiny. On one side, the government speaks of institutional reform and a break with the past. On the other, some legislative initiatives appear capable of expanding the state’s punitive authority.
That tension cannot simply be ignored. The strength of a democratic government does not lie merely in its ability to impose severe penalties. It lies in its willingness to restrain its own power, protect civil liberties and allow institutions to function independently. The BNP government therefore faces a test that goes beyond economic performance or administrative efficiency. Its deeper challenge is to redefine the relationship between the state and its citizens. If the government learns from the failures of the past and develops laws that are proportionate, rights-based and accountable, the first six months could become the beginning of a broader institutional transformation. If, however, restrictive tendencies from the past are reproduced under a different political banner, the question of whether political change has actually transformed the nature of state power will remain unresolved. Ultimately, a government’s political direction is revealed less by its speeches than by its laws, institutions and methods of exercising authority.
How do you feel about this?




